Update Swift versions

[FranzBusch]

Updates the Swift version to the latest released Swift version. This ensures that the projects are fuzzed against the latest compiler and runtime versions. Additionally, some projects don't support 5.10 anymore so bumping to 6.2 should give us the latest versions of those projects.

[github-actions]

FranzBusch is a new contributor to projects/swift-nio. The PR must be approved by known contributors before it can be merged. The past contributors are: catenacyber, asraa
FranzBusch is a new contributor to projects/swift-protobuf. The PR must be approved by known contributors before it can be merged. The past contributors are: thomasvl, catenacyber, asraa
FranzBusch is a new contributor to projects/grpc-swift. The PR must be approved by known contributors before it can be merged. The past contributors are: catenacyber, asraa

[DavidKorczynski]

This overall looks good. There's a current issue which caused the ubuntu* base images not to be pushed to the registry #14338 which has just been fixed #14340 Will wait for the base images to be propagated to test this (in 24h or so) and then merge this PR.

Edit: can see they've already been pushed actually.

[kleisauke]

IIUC, the base_os_version property should also be set to ubuntu-24-04 in project.yaml‎ for the projects modified in this PR. For reference, see commit c9db9f9.